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Home / The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 20, Number 5

Cigarette smoking in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran

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BACKGROUND: The association between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tobacco smoke has been verified by most studies on the subject; figures from different countries for the prevalence of smoking among PTB patients vary.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with smoking among TB patients in Iran.

DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, subjects were included on a first-come, first-served basis from among newly diagnosed PTB patients using a multistage cluster sampling method during 2012–2014. Data were collected during face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire was used to gather information on smoking habits.

RESULTS: Of 1127 newly diagnosed PTB patients included in the study (mean age 50.0 ± 19.8 years), 228 (20.2%) were daily smokers, 20 (1.8%) were occasional smokers and 93 (8.9%) had quit before diagnosis. Simultaneous drug use (P < 0.001, OR 75.21), increasing age (P = 0.001), being single (P < 0.001, OR 16.95), being an Iranian national (P < 0.001, OR 6.26) and living in a rural area (P < 0.001, OR 5.85) were found to be independent risk factors for smoking in study patients.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking among PTB patients in Iran is relatively high. It is therefore necessary to include smoking cessation interventions in the National TB Programme.

Keywords: Iran; prevalence; pulmonary tuberculosis; smoking

Document Type: Research Article

Affiliations: 1: Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2: Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4: Department of Immunology, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 5: Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Publication date: 01 May 2016

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  • The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IJTLD) is for clinical research and epidemiological studies on lung health, including articles on TB, TB-HIV and respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, asthma, COPD, child lung health and the hazards of tobacco and air pollution. Individuals and institutes can subscribe to the IJTLD online or in print – simply email us at [email protected] for details.

    The IJTLD is dedicated to understanding lung disease and to the dissemination of knowledge leading to better lung health. To allow us to share scientific research as rapidly as possible, the IJTLD is fast-tracking the publication of certain articles as preprints prior to their publication. Read fast-track articles.

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